Nonreduplicated Babbling

Nonreduplicated babbling

Range of consonants and vowels expands further, and infants combine different C + V and C + V + C syllables into series, unlike the repetitive series that characterized the first canonical babbling

Prosody becomes particularly noticeable; infants sound as though they're speaking until one listens closely and realizes that the infant is producing the melody of language without the word. By the end of the babbling stage: great progress from their first vowels to an increasingly large repertoire of consonants and then to knowing something about the prosody and sound patterns of their language. Another different between children's production and target language : number of syllables. Vocalizations are most frequently single syllables, with some two-syllable productions (*but what about reduplicators?)
 * these wordless sentences are often referred to as jargon
 * some infants produce more than others and some infants spend much longer in this stage than others
 * those who produce a great deal of jargon and who do so for a long time: "intonation babies", those who produce relatively little jargon and who move quickly on to learning the words to the tune as "word babies" (Dore 1975)
 * Just 11 different consonants, /h, w, j, p, b, m, t, d, n, k, g/ account for 90 percent of consonant sounds produced by 12 month olds learning American English and children learning other languages have similar--though not identical--sound repertoires (J L Locke & Pearson 1992)
 * English learners: consonant clusters are rare
 * /æ, ʌ, ə/ more frequent than /i/ or /u/ (Vihman 1988a)

(Hoff 2010)